A Surface to Exosphere Non-Orographic Gravity Wave Parameterization for the Mars Planetary Climate Model

In this paper, the non-orographic gravity waves (GW) parameterization of the Mars Planetary Climate Model (PCM) previously implemented by Gilli et al. (2020, <A href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JE005873">https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JE005873</A>) is revisited and extended to the exobase (∼250 km). The simulations performed with the new scheme correct some known biases in the modeled thermal tide amplitudes and polar warming, improving the agreement with Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) observed thermal structures and tides below ∼100 km. Additionally, we find that the simulated densities above 150 km are compatible with NGIMS (Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer) measured abundances. Large drag depositions ranging up to &gt;∼950 m s<SUP>-1</SUP> sol<SUP>-1</SUP> are induced at altitude of 90-170 km due to the wave saturation (breaking) and depletion, leading to winds damped to magnitudes of ∼150-225 and ∼80 m s<SUP>-1</SUP> in the zonal and meridional directions, respectively. Resulting temperature variations are ∼±10-30 K or 5%-10% at most latitudes except in the polar regions (where they can reach ∼±30-60 K). The results indicate that non-orographic GW play a significant role in the dynamics of the middle-upper atmosphere of Mars via the induced transfer of momentum and energy from the lower atmosphere.